Research Library

Publications & research

Peer-reviewed work on Collective System Design™, the Manufacturing System Design Decomposition (MSDD), and sustainable system design. Where a publisher's licence permits, the full PDF is hosted here for download; otherwise we link to the version of record.

Open access  full PDF hosted here Publisher  read at the publisher (version of record)
Recent publications — 2017–2025
First page of the paper
Konatham, A.; Gaddam, V.R.; Cochran, D.S. — Innovative Systems for Industrial Engineering and Automation (ISIEA 2025), Springer LNNS 1605, 2026

Applies a holistic, systems approach to student success at PFW, designing a progress roadmap and information hub that addresses both academic and non-academic factors to improve retention, graduation, and student well-being.

First page of the paper
Bataleblu, A.A.; Esmaeilian, M.; Rauch, E.; Cochran, D.S. — Innovative Systems for Industrial Engineering and Automation (ISIEA 2025), Springer LNNS 1605, 2026

Examines the automotive transition to green and digital, economics-as-a-service manufacturing, comparing manufacturing and product-development strategies across China, Europe, and the United States via root-cause and benchmark analysis.

First page of the paper
Bernhard, O.; Wegmann, M.; Wagner, S.; Nigg, V.; Cochran, D.; Rauch, E.; Zäh, M.F. — Procedia CIRP 134, 58th CIRP Conference on Manufacturing Systems (CMS 2025), 2025

Identifies and structures the barriers companies face in adopting Industry 5.0 (human-centered, sustainable, resilient production) through a literature review, axiomatic-design structuring, and an international survey of more than 200 participants.

Published open access under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0; shared here for non-commercial scholarly use.
First page of the paper
Chen, B.; Cochran, D.S.; Nowak, J.A.; Wang, G. — 2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, Montréal, 2025

Evaluates ChatGPT-4o as an AI assistant for solving electric-circuit problems in engineering education, assessing accuracy and its potential as a teaching aid.

© American Society for Engineering Education, 2025. Posted by the authors; not for resale.
First page of the paper
Bataleblu, A.A.; Rauch, E.; Fitch, J.; Cochran, D.S. — Procedia CIRP 122, 31st CIRP Conference on Life Cycle Engineering (LCE 2024), 2024

Applies model-based systems engineering (Cameo System Modeler) to sustainable factory design, tracing stakeholder needs to functional requirements and solution alternatives, with sustainability assessment grounded in axiomatic design and the European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS).

Published open access under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0; shared here for non-commercial scholarly use.
First page of the paper
Bataleblu, A.A.; Rauch, E.; Cochran, D.S. — Sustainability (MDPI), Vol. 16, 2024

Proposes a resilient sustainability-assessment framework that treats sustainability as a transdisciplinary system-of-systems problem, reconciling conflicting objectives across the three sustainability pillars.

Published open access under CC BY 4.0.
First page of the paper
Bataleblu, A.A.; Rauch, E.; Cochran, D.S. — Innovative Systems for Industrial Engineering and Automation (ISIEA 2024), Springer LNNS 1125, 2024

Frames sustainability assessment under the EU Sustainability Reporting Standards as a complex many-objective, multi-agent, multidisciplinary system-of-systems problem, and proposes a formulation based on a company's sustainability-readiness level.

First page of the paper
Xu, D.; Reich, M.; Cochran, D.S. — Innovative Systems for Industrial Engineering and Automation (ISIEA 2024), Springer LNNS 1125, 2024

Applies Collective System Design to two SMEs — a manufacturing job shop and a service-oriented higher-education setting — showing how standard work and continuous improvement address enterprise complexity, measured through Functional Requirement Measures.

First page of the paper
Cochran, D.S.; Smith, J.; Fitch, J. — Production & Manufacturing Research, Vol. 10(1), 2022

Presents MSDD 10.0, an updated design pattern that extends the Manufacturing System Design Decomposition toward sustainable manufacturing systems.

Published open access under CC BY 4.0.
First page of the paper
Cochran, D.S.; Rauch, E. — Procedia Manufacturing 51, 30th FAIM Conference, 2020

Frames Industry 4.0 adoption within a long-term, sustainable enterprise system design, deriving needs, functional requirements, and candidate physical solutions across the triple bottom line.

Published open access under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0; shared here for non-commercial scholarly use.
First page of the paper
Cochran, D.S.; Swartz, J.; Elahi, B.; Smith, J. — Journal of Medical Systems, Vol. 42:242, Springer, 2018

Applies the CSD methodology to an emergency room, identifying functional requirements and solutions that yielded a significant reduction in door-to-doctor time and a substantial gain in patient satisfaction.

First page of the paper
Cochran, D.S.; Schmidt, G.B.; Oxtoby, J.; Hensley, M.; Barnes, J. — Journal of Enterprise Transformation, Vol. 7(1–2), 2017

Uses Collective System Design to express organizational goals as Functional Requirements met by Physical Solutions, with a manufacturing re-design case examining the synergy with Value Stream Mapping and the leadership implications.

Authors' accepted manuscript. Version of record: J. Enterprise Transformation 7(1–2), 2017.
Foundational papers — the MSDD and CSD origins, 1999–2001
Cochran, D.S.; Arinez, J.F.; Duda, J.W.; Linck, J. — CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 2001

Introduces the Manufacturing System Design Decomposition (MSDD), separating objectives from the means of achievement and relating low-level decisions to high-level requirements so a firm can simultaneously achieve cost, quality, delivery, and flexibility objectives.

Cochran, D.S.; Kim, Y.-S. — Proceedings of ICAD2000, First International Conference on Axiomatic Design, 2000

Explains the cause-and-effect relationship between performance measurement and manufacturing system design, illustrating why common measurement methods push plants toward mass production and how an axiomatic-design approach yields aligned measures.

Cochran, D.S.; Linck, J.; Reinhart, G.; Mauderer, M. — 3rd World Congress on Intelligent Manufacturing Processes and Systems, 2000

Combines a traditional design procedure with functional decomposition of manufacturing-system requirements, giving designers a tool to design systems efficiently while keeping requirements in view, illustrated with a case study.

Cochran, D.S. — SAE International Automotive Manufacturing Conference, Detroit, 1999

Presents an approach to determine the objectives and implementation of a "lean" production system design for a manufacturing business, guided by the design axiom of independence.

Gomez, D.D.; Dobbs, D.C.; Cochran, D.S. — 3rd World Congress on Intelligent Manufacturing Processes and Systems, 2000

Presents an evaluation tool, grounded in the MSDD, that determines how well the physical characteristics of a piece of equipment satisfy the functional requirements of the manufacturing system design.

Cochran, D.S. — 11th Annual POMS Conference, 2000

Investigates why machines are typically designed to reduce unit labor cost, and shows how operationally-focused machine design combined with the unit-cost equation produces costly factory-system implementations that miss enterprise objectives.

Additional publications available on request — dscochra@purdue.edu.